Present Tense 
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Rule No. -16. Present Indefinite – ता है, ती है, ते है
Positive/Affirmative - [ S + mv1/ S/es +ob +ow]
Negative - [s + do/does + not +mv1 + ob + ow ]
Examples -
Hindi | English |
वह स्कूल जाता है। | He goes to school. |
वह स्कूल नहीं जाता है। | He does not go to school. |
क्या वह स्कूल जाता है? | Does he go to school? |
वह स्कूल क्यों जाता है? | Why does he goes to school? |
मैं अंग्रेजी बोलता हूँ। | I speak English. |
मैं अंग्रेजी नहीं बोलता हूँ। | I do not speak English. |
तुम क्रिकेट खेलते है। | You play cricket. |
तुम क्रिकेट नहीं खेलते है। | You do not play cricket. |
Note-1. Negative बनाने के लिए हमेशा Helping Verb के बाद not का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
जैसे :- is not, am not, are not, was not, will not be etc.
Note-2. Interrogative बनाने के लिए हमेशा Helping Verb को subject से पहले लिखा जाता है ।
जैसे :- Is he.. ?, Am I.. ?, Are you.. ?, Will he be .. ?, etc
Rule No.- 17. Present Continuous - रहा है
Positive/Affirmative - [ S + is/am/are + mv1ing + ob +ow]
Hindi | English |
वह स्कूल जा रहा है। | He is going to school. |
मैं अंग्रेजी बोल रहा हूँ। | I am speaking English. |
तुम क्रिकेट खेल रहे हो। | You are playing cricket. |
Rule No. -18. Present Perfect Tense- चुका है, चुके हैं, चुके हो
Positive/Affirmative - [ S + has/have + v3rd + ob + ow]
Hindi | English |
वह स्कूल जा चुका है। | He is going to school. |
मैं अंग्रेजी बोल चुका हूँ। | I am speaking English. |
तुम क्रिकेट खेल चुके हो। | You are playing cricket. |
Rule No. -19. Present Perfect Continuous - रहा है + time
Positive - [ S+has/have+been+mv1ing+ob+since/for+time ]
Hindi | English |
वह सुबह से स्कूल जा रहा है। | He has been going to school since morning. |
मैं सुबह से अंग्रेजी बोल रहा हूँ। | I have been speaking English since morning. |
तुम 2 घंटे क्रिकेट खेल रहे हो। | You have been playing cricket for two hours. |
Rule No. -20. Past indefinite – ता था, ा, ि, ी, गया
Positive/Affirmative - [S + v2nd + ob + ow ]
Negative - [s + did not + v1st + ob + ow ]
Hindi | English |
वह स्कूल गया। | He went. |
वह स्कूल नहीं गया। | He did not go to school. |
क्या वह स्कूल गया। | DId he go to school? |
वह स्कूल क्यों गया। | Why did he go? |
मैं अंग्रेजी बोलता हूँ। | I spoke English. |
मैं अंग्रेजी नहीं बोलता हूँ। | I did not speak English. |
Rule No. -21. Past Continuous – रहा है/रही है/रहे हैं
Positive - [S + was/were + mv1ing + ob + ow ]
Hindi | English |
वह स्कूल जा रहा था। | He was going to school. |
मैं अंग्रेजी बोल रहा हूँ। | I was speaking English. |
तुम क्रिकेट खेल रहे हो। | You were playing cricket. |
Rule No.-22. Past Perfect Tense- चुका था, चुके थे
Positive - [S + had + v3rd + ob + ow]
Hindi | English |
वह स्कूल जा चुका था । | He had gone to school. |
मैं अंग्रेजी बोल चुका था । | I had spoken English. |
तुम क्रिकेट खेल चुके था । | You had played cricket. |
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Rule No.-23. Past perfect continuous - रहा है + time
Positive - [S+had been+mv1ing+ob+since/for+time]
Hindi | English |
वह सुबह से स्कूल जा रहा था। | He had been going to school since morning. |
मैं सुबह से अंग्रेजी बोल रहा था। | I had been speaking English since morning. |
तुम 2 घंटे से क्रिकेट खेल रहे थे। | You had been playing cricket for two hours. |
Rule No. -24. Future indefinite - गा, गी, गे
Positive/Affirmative - [S + will / shall + v1st + ob + ow ]
Examples -
Hindi | English |
वह स्कूल जायेगा । | He will go to school. |
मैं अंग्रेजी बोलेगा । | I shall speak English. |
तुम क्रिकेट खेलोगे । | You will play cricket. |
Rule No. -25. Future continuous - रहा होगा, रही होगी
Positive - [S + will be /shall be +mv1ing + ob + ow]
Hindi | English |
वह स्कूल जा रहा होगा । | He will be going to school. |
मैं अंग्रेजी बोल रहा होगा । | I shall be speaking English. |
तुम क्रिकेट खेल रहे होंगे । | You will be playing cricket. |
Rule No. -26. Future perfect - चुका होगा, चुकी होगी
Positive - [S + will have /shall have + v3rd + ob + ow ]
Hindi | English |
वह स्कूल जा चुका होगा । | He will have gone to school. |
मैं अंग्रेजी बोल चुका होगा । | I shall have spoken English. |
तुम क्रिकेट खेल चुके होंगे । | You will played cricket. |
Rule No.-27. Future perfect continuous - रहा होगा + time
Positive- [S+will have/shall have+been+mv1ing+ob+ow ]
Hindi | English |
वह सुबह से स्कूल जा रहा होगा | He will have been going to school since morning. |
मैं सुबह से अंग्रेजी बोल बोल रहा होगा। | I shall have been speaking English since morning. |
तुम 2 घंटे से क्रिकेट खेल रहे होंगे । | You will have been playing cricket for two hours |
How to Practice -
1. वे जाते हैं। | They go |
2. वे जा रहे हैं। | The are going. |
3. वे जा चुके हैं। | They have gone. |
4. वे दो दिनों से जा रहे हैं। | The have been going for tow days. |
5. वे गये। | They went. |
6. वे जा रहे थे। | They were going. |
7. वे जा चुके थे। | They had gone. |
8. वे दो दिनों से जा रहे थे। | They had been going for two days. |
9. वे जाएंगे। | They will go. |
10. वे जा रहे होंगे। | They will be going. |
11. वे जा चुके होंगे। | They will have gone. |
12. वे दो दिनों से जा रहे होंगे। | They will have been going for two days |
1. वह खेलता है । | He plays. |
2. वह खेल रहा है। | He is playing. |
3. वह खेल चुका है। | He has played. |
4. वह सुबह से खेल रहा है। | He has been playing since morning. |
5. उसने खेला। | He played. |
6. वह खेल रहा था। | he was playing. |
7. वह खेल चुका था। | He had played. |
8. वह सुबह से खेल रहा था। | He had been playing since morning |
9. वह खेलेगा। | He will play. |
10. वह खेल रहा होगा। | He will be playing. |
11. वह खेल चुका होगा। | He will have played. |
12. वह सुबह से खेल रहा होगा। | He will have been playing since morning. |
Note-
Mixed Examples:-
1. तुम मुझे बहुत अच्छे लगते हो। | I like you a lot. |
2. मैंने उसे पैसा कभी नहीं दिया। | I never gave him money. |
3. क्या वो स्कूल गया होगा ? | Will he have gone to school? |
4. मैं अक्सर उसके यहाँ जाता हूँ। | I often go to his place/home. |
5. वो कभी-कभी मेरे घर आता है। | He sometimes comes my home. |
6. तुम वहाँ गये थे । | You had gone there. |
7. मैंने राम को देखा है। | I have seen Ram. |
8. उसके पापा मेरे घर आये । | His father came to my home. |
9. उन्होंने मुझे बताया है। | He has told me. |
10. क्या उसने कहा ? | Did he say? |
11. मुझे ये अच्छा नहीं लगता। | I don’t like this. |
12. राम उसे प्यार करता है। | Ram loves him/her. |
13. वक्त के साथ सब बदल जाता है। | Everything changes with time. |
14. उसने 4 घंटे मेरा इन्तज़ार किया। | He waited for me for 4 hours. |
15. मैंने उसे हर जगह ढूँढा । | I searched him everywhere. |
16. लोग आये थे। | People had come. |
17. राम तुमसे मिलेगा। | Ram will meet you. |
18. उसने मुझे सारी बात बतायी। | He told me everything. |
19. मैंने राम को देखा है। | I have seen Ram. |
20. मैं तुमसे सच कह रहा हूँ। | I am telling you the truth. |
Sarah Anderson
Yashpal Singh Thakur
Yashpal Singh Thakur
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